C1-inhibitor (C1-inh, C1 esterase inhibitor) is a protease inhibitor belonging to the serpin superfamily. Its main function is the inhibition of the complement system to prevent spontaneous activation.

Specimen:Serum

Reference Values: 30-69 mg/dl

Method: RID

Loinc: 4477-6

CA-125 is the most frequently used biomarker for ovarian cancer detection.

Specimen: 0.2 ml Serum

Reference Values: Females: 0-35 U/ml

Method: CLIA

Loinc: 15157-1

CA15-3 is a tumor marker used to monitor certain cancers, especially breast cancer.

Specimen: 0.2 ml Serum

Reference Values: <25 U/ml

Method: CLIA

Loinc: 6875-9

CA19-9 is a tumor marker that is used primarily in the management of pancreatic cancer.

Specimen: 0.2 ml Serum

Reference Values: <34 U/ml

Method: CLIA

Loinc: 24108-3

Calcitonin (also known as thyrocalcitonin) is a 32-amino acid linear polypeptide hormone that is produced in humans primarily by the parafollicular cells of the thyroid, and in many other animals in the ultimobranchial body. It acts to reduce blood calcium (Ca2+), opposing the effects of parathyroid hormone

Specimen: 0.2 ml Serum

Reference Values: <10 pg/ml

Method: CLIA

Loinc: 1992-7

Calcium is essential for living organisms, in particular in cell physiology, where movement of the calcium ion into and out of the cytoplasm functions as a signal for many cellular processes. As a major material used in mineralization of bone, teeth and shells, calcium is the most abundant metal by mass in many animals.

Specimen: 0.2 ml Serum

Reference Values:

Adults: 8.4-10.2 mg/dl
Children: 8.8-10.8 mg/dl

Method: Colorimetric

Loinc: 2000-8

Calcium is essential for living organisms, in particular in cell physiology, where movement of the calcium ion into and out of the cytoplasm functions as a signal for many cellular processes. As a major material used in mineralization of bone, teeth and shells, calcium is the most abundant metal by mass in many animals.

Specimen: Urine 24Hours

Reference Values: 42-353 mg/24 hours

Urine Volume: 600-1600 ml/24 hours

Method: Colorimetric

Loinc: 6874-2

Measurement of faecal calprotectin is a biochemical test for intestinal inflammation, including inflammatory bowel disease.

Specimen: Stools Random

Reference Values: Up to 50 ug/g

Method: Chromatography

Loinc: 38445-3

Candida albicans is a diploid fungus that grows both as yeast and filamentous cells and a causal agent of opportunistic oral and genital infections in humans, and candidal onychomycosis, an infection of the nail plate.

Specimen: 0.2 ml Serum

Reference Values: >1:16 – Past Infection

Method: IFA

Loinc: 51539-5

Candida albicans is a diploid fungus that grows both as yeast and filamentous cells and a causal agent of opportunistic oral and genital infections in humans, and candidal onychomycosis, an infection of the nail plate.

Specimen: 0.2 ml Serum

Reference Values: Negative

Method: IFA

Loinc: 56150-6

Carbamazepine (CBZ) (Tegretol, Equetro) is an anticonvulsant and mood-stabilizing drug used primarily in the treatment of epilepsy and bipolar disorder, as well as trigeminal neuralgia.

Specimen: 0.2 ml Serum

Reference Values:

Therapeutic Range: 17-51 umol/l
Toxic Levels: >63 umol/l

Method: CLIA

Loinc: 3432-2

Cardiolipin is a phospholipid, or lipid (fat) molecule, in the blood. The levels of these antibodies are often high in people with abnormal blood clotting, autoimmune diseases like lupus, or repeated miscarriages.

Specimen: 0.2 ml Serum

Reference Values: <15 APLU/ml

Method: ELISA

Loinc:

Cardiolipin is a phospholipid, or lipid (fat) molecule, in the blood. The levels of these antibodies are often high in people with abnormal blood clotting, autoimmune diseases like lupus, or repeated miscarriages.

Specimen: 0.2 ml Serum

Reference Values:

Negative: <12 GPLU/ml
Equivocal: 12-18 GPLU/ml
Positive: >18 GPLU/ml

Method: ELISA

Loinc: 3181-5

Cardiolipin is a phospholipid, or lipid (fat) molecule, in the blood. The levels of these antibodies are often high in people with abnormal blood clotting, autoimmune diseases like lupus, or repeated miscarriages.

Specimen: 0.2 ml Serum

Reference Values:

Negative: <12 MPLU/ml
Equivocal: 12-18 MPLU/ml
Positive: >18 MPLU/ml

Method: ELISA

Loinc: 3182-3

Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) describes a set of highly related glycoproteins involved in cell adhesion. CEA is normally produced in gastrointestinal tissue during fetal development, but the production stops before birth. Therefore CEA is usually present only at very low levels in the blood of healthy adults. However, the serum levels are raised in some types of cancer, which means that it can be used as a tumor marker in clinical tests. Serum levels can also be elevated in heavy smokers.

Specimen: 0.2 ml Serum

Reference Values:

Smokers: <4.3 ng/ml
Non Smokers: <3.4 ng/ml

Method: CLIA

Loinc: 2039-6

Ceruloplasmin is an enzyme synthesized in the liver containing 6 atoms of copper in its structure. Ceruloplasmin carries more than 95% of the total copper in healthy human plasma.

Specimen: 0.2 ml Serum

Reference Values: 48-90 mg/dl

Method: RID

Loinc: 2064-4

Chlamydial infections are the most common sexually transmitted disease. Chlamydia trachomatis is known to cause urethritis, epididymitis, proctitis, cervicitis, pelvic inflammatory disease, infant pneumonia, and conjunctivitis. As these symptoms are common to many diseases, diagnosis is needed for prompt and accurate treatment.

Specimen: Cervical – Urethral Swab

Reference Values: Negative

Method: IFA

Loinc: 45095-7

Chlamydophila pneumoniae is a small gram negative bacterium (0.2 to 1 μm) that undergoes several transformations during its life cycle. It exists as an elementary body (EB) between hosts. The EB is not biologically active, but is resistant to environmental stresses and can survive outside a host for a limited time. The EB travels from an infected person to the lungs of an uninfected person in small droplets and is responsible for infection.

Specimen: 0.2 ml Serum

Reference Values: >1:16: Past Infection

Method: IFA

Loinc: 6913-8

Chlamydophila pneumoniae is a small gram negative bacterium (0.2 to 1 μm) that undergoes several transformations during its life cycle. It exists as an elementary body (EB) between hosts. The EB is not biologically active, but is resistant to environmental stresses and can survive outside a host for a limited time. The EB travels from an infected person to the lungs of an uninfected person in small droplets and is responsible for infection.

Specimen: 0.2 ml Serum

Reference Values: Negative

Method: IFA

Loinc: 6914-6

Chlamydial infections are the most common sexually transmitted disease. Chlamydia trachomatis is known to cause urethritis, epididymitis, proctitis, cervicitis, pelvic inflammatory disease, infant pneumonia, and conjunctivitis. As these symptoms are common to many diseases, diagnosis is needed for prompt and accurate treatment.

Specimen: 0.2 ml Serum

Reference Values: Titer: <1:16

Method: IFA

Loinc: 6918-7

Chlamydial infections are the most common sexually transmitted disease. Chlamydia trachomatis is known to cause urethritis, epididymitis, proctitis, cervicitis, pelvic inflammatory disease, infant pneumonia, and conjunctivitis. As these symptoms are common to many diseases, diagnosis is needed for prompt and accurate treatment.

Specimen: 0.2 ml Serum

Reference Values: Titer: <1:32

Method: IFA

Loinc: 6919-5

Chloride is an anion in the human body needed for metabolism (the process of turning food into energy). It also helps keep the body’s acid-base balance. The amount of serum chloride is carefully controlled by the kidneys.

Specimen: 0.2 ml Serum

Reference Values: 98-107 mmol/l

Method: Potentiometric

Loinc: 2075-0

Your blood cholesterol level has a lot to do with your chances of getting heart disease. High blood cholesterol is one of the major risk factors for heart disease. A risk factor is a condition that increases your chance of getting a disease. In fact, the higher your blood cholesterol level, the greater your risk for developing heart disease or having a heart attack.

Specimen: Serum

Reference Values:

Desirable: <200 mg/dl
Borferline: 200-240 mg/dl
High Risk: >240 mg/dl

Method: Cholesterol Oxidase

Loinc: 2093-3

Serum cholinesterase is a blood test that looks at levels of two substances that help the nervous system work properly. They are called acetylcholinesterase and pseudocholinesterase. Your nerves need these substances to send signals.

Specimen: Serum

Reference Values:

Females: 4.65-10.44 U/ml
Males: 5.9-12.22 U/ml

Method: Colorimetric/Enzymatic

Loinc: 2098-2

The CK-MB test is a cardiac marker, used to assist diagnoses of an acute myocardial infarction. It measures the blood level of CK-MB, the bound combination of two variants of the enzyme phosphocreatine kinase.

Specimen: 0.2 ml Serum

Reference Values: <25 U/L

Method: Colorimetric/Enzymatic

Loinc: 32673-6

Clostridium difficile toxin A (TcdA) is a toxin generated by Clostridium difficile. It is similar to Clostridium difficile Toxin B. The toxins are the main virulence factors produced by the gram positive, anaerobic, Clostridium difficile bacteria. The toxins function by damaging the intestinal mucosa and cause the symptoms of C. difficile infection, including pseudomembranous colitis.

Specimen: Stool

Reference Values: Negative

Method: Immunoassay Chromatography

Loinc: 13957-6

Discrimination between recent (primary) and past cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection can be an important tool in the clinical management of transplant recipients and pregnant women. Although nearly all individuals with recent CMV infection are positive for CMV IgM, individuals with past CMV may also express CMV IgM, following viral reactivation , thus, detection of CMV IgM is not a reliable indicator of recent infection. Measurement of CMV IgG avidity can assist in discriminating recent from past CMV infection. Although a low avidity index is a reliable indicator of CMV infection within the previous 6 months, a high avidity index is more meaningful from a clinical standpoint ,a high avidity index essentially excludes the possibility that infection occurred within the previous 4 months

Specimen: 0.2 ml Serum

Reference Values:

<20%: Acute Infection
20-30%: Equivocal
>30%: Past Infection

Method: IFA

Loinc: 52984-2

In addition, quantification of CMV DNA level in peripheral blood (ie, CMV viral load) is used routinely to determine when to initiate preemptive antiviral therapy, diagnose active CMV disease, and monitor response to antiviral therapy.

Specimen:

Reference Values:

Method:

Loinc: 30246-3

cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a member of the Herpesviridae family of viruses and usually causes asymptomatic infection after which it remains latent in patients, primarily within bone marrow derived cells. Primary CMV infection in immunocompetent individuals may also manifest as a mononucleosis-type syndrome, similar to primary Epstein-Barr virus infection, with fever, malaise and lymphadenopathy. CMV IgG = Past Infection

Specimen: 0.2 ml Serum

Reference Values:

Non Reactive: <4.9 U/ml
Equivocal: 5.0-7.9 U/ml
Reactive: >8.0 U/ml

Method: CLIA

Loinc: 5125-0

cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a member of the Herpesviridae family of viruses and usually causes asymptomatic infection after which it remains latent in patients, primarily within bone marrow derived cells. Primary CMV infection in immunocompetent individuals may also manifest as a mononucleosis-type syndrome, similar to primary Epstein-Barr virus infection, with fever, malaise and lymphadenopathy. CMV IgM = Acute Infection

Specimen: 0.2 ml Serum

Reference Values:

Non Reactive: <0.7
Equivocal: 0.7-1.0
Reactive: >1.0

Method: CLIA

Loinc: 5127-6

cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a member of the Herpesviridae family of viruses and usually causes asymptomatic infection after which it remains latent in patients, primarily within bone marrow derived cells. Primary CMV infection in immunocompetent individuals may also manifest as a mononucleosis-type syndrome, similar to primary Epstein-Barr virus infection, with fever, malaise and lymphadenopathy. CMV IgM = Acute Infection

Specimen: 0.2 ml Serum

Reference Values:

Non Reactive: <0.7
Equivocal: 0.7-1.0
Reactive: >1.0

Method: CLIA

Loinc: 5127-6

Complement C3 is a blood test that measures the activity of a certain protein that is part of the complement system. The complement system is a group of proteins that move freely through your bloodstream. The proteins work with your immune system and play a role in the development of inflammation.

Specimen: 0.2 ml Serum

Reference Values: 140-296 mg/dl

Method: RID

Loinc: 4491-7

Complement component 4 is a blood test that measures the activity of a certain protein that is part of the complement system. The complement system is a group of proteins that move freely through your bloodstream. The proteins work with your immune system and play a role in the development of inflammation.

Specimen: 0.2 ml Serum

Reference Values: 29-59 mg/dl

Method: RID

Loinc: 4498-2

CH50 is a screening test for total complement activity. Levels of complement may be depressed in genetic deficiency, liver disease, chronic glomerulonephritis, rheumatoid arthritis, hemolytic anemias, graft rejection, systemic lupus erythematosis, acute glomerulonephritis, subacute bacterial endocarditis and cryoglobulinemia. Elevated complement may be found in acute inflammatory conditions, leukemia, Hodgkin’s Disease, sarcoma, and Behcet’s Disease.

Specimen: 0.2 ml Serum

Reference Values: 23.0-46.0 U/ml

Method: RID

Loinc: 30131-7